PowerPoint - Name Hydrocarbons - IUPAC Rules, Multiple Bonds

 
 

Naming Hydrocarbons (nomenclature)

 
 

Organic Compounds 

• __________ Compounds - any covalently bonded compound containing carbon (except __________ , __________ and __________ )

 
 

Hydrocarbons 

• __________ - Organic compounds that contain only carbon & hydrogen
• __________ - contain only single covalent bonds
• __________ - contain one or more carbon - carbon double bond
• __________ - contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bond

 
 

Saturated & Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 

• Saturated hydrocarbons – contain only __________ carbon-carbon bonds (__________ ) 
  
• Unsaturated hydrocarbons – contain double carbon-carbon bonds (__________) or triple carbon-carbon (__________ ) bonds

 
 

Formulas 

• Alkanes = C_nH_2n+2 
  
• Alkenes = C_nH_2n 
  
• Alkynes = C_nH_2n-2

 
 

Nomenclature 

• Must memorize prefixes
• To name, look at the formula for the hydrocarbon
• Determine if it is an alkane, alkene, or alkyne
• Use the prefix for the number of carbons
• Add ending (ane, ene, yne)

 

10 

Dec- 

9 

Non- 

8 

Oct- 

7 

Hept- 

6 

Hex- 

5 

Pent- 

4 

But- 

3 

Prop- 

2 

Eth- 

1 

Meth- 

# of carbon atoms 

Prefix

 
 

Example 

• Name C₃H₈

 
 

Mnemonic for first four prefixes 

First four prefixes

• Meth-
• Eth-
• Prop-
• But-

 
 
 
 
 
 

                  Monkeys

                  Eat

                  Peeled

                  Bananas

 
 

Numbering carbons 

Draw 1-pentene 
 

Name these 

C₂H₄

 
 

Multiple multiple bonds 

• Give 1^st bond (1^st point of difference) lowest #
• include di, tri, tetra, penta, etc. before ene/yne
• Comma between #s, hyphen between #-letter

 

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH=C=CH₂

 
 

Cyclic structures 

• Cyclic structures are circular
• Have “cyclo” in name

 
 

Draw the following:

cyclobutene 1,3-cyclopentadiene  cyclopropane 
 

Name the following:

 
 

Naming side chains 

Root is the longest possible HC chain

Must contain multiple bonds if present

Add -yl to get name of side chain

Common side chains include:

    CH₃-  methyl          

   CH₃CH₂-  ethyl

    CH₃CH₂CH₂- propyl    

   (CH₃)₂CH-  isopropyl 

Br- (bromo)

Cl- (chloro)

F- (fluoro)

I- (iodo)

 
 

Naming side chains 

Example: name the following structure 

Step 1 - choose the correct ending

 
 

Naming side chains 

Step 2 - find the longest chain

 
 

Naming side chains 

Step 3 - add the prefix naming the longest chain

 
 

Naming side chains 

Step 4 - number the longest chain with the lowest number closest to the double bond

 
 

Naming side chains 

Step 5 - add that number to the name

 
 

Naming side chains 

ethyl 

methyl 

methyl 

Step 6 - Name the side chains

 
 

Naming side chains 

ethyl 

methyl 

methyl 

Step 7 - Place the side chains in alphabetical order & name the compound

 
 

Name

 
 

Draw the structures below 

3-ethyl-2-methylpentane 

3-ethyl-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexene

 
 

More practice

 
 

Functional Groups 

                R’

                 |

         R — N — R’’ 

Amine 

                O

                ||

         R — C — O — R’ 

Ester 

               O

               ||

          R  — C — OH 

Carboxylic acid 

               O

               ||

         R — C — R’ 

Ketone 

               O

               ||

        R — C — H 

Aldehyde 

         R — O — R’ 

Ether 

           R – OH 

Alcohol 

Functional group 

Class

 
 

2,2-dimethyl-3-hexene 

2,5-dimethyloctane 

octane 

1,3-diethylcyclopentane 

1 

2 

3 

4

 
 

3,3-dimethylcyclopentene 

cyclopropane 

4-nonene 

6-ethyl-2-octyne 

5 

6 

7 

8

 
 

5-ethyl-2,4,6-trimethyloctane 

3-methylhexane 

4-ethyl-2,3-dimethylheptane 

9 

10 

11

 
 

cyclobutene 

1,2-dimethyl-6-propylcyclodecane 

benzene 

3,4-diethyl-2-hexene 

12 

13 

14 

15

 
 

4-ethyl-1,2-dimethylcycloheptane 

2-hexene 

2,7,8-trimethyldecane 

3,3-diethylpentane 

16 

17 

18 

19

 
 

3-ethyl-2-methylpentane 

3-ethyl-1,5,5-trimethylcyclohexene 

20 

21